Roden 1/48 Nieuport 28

The Nieuport 28 was the last of a line of fighting scouts to see combat service in the First World War. Unlike all of its predecessors, which had been sesquiplanes (a two-winged airplane in which the lower wing is less than 50% the area of the upper wing), this was a single-bay biplane. It is considered one of the most aesthetically-beautiful airplanes to serve in the Great War and one of the best-looking biplanes to ever fly.

Design of the Nieuport 28 began in the summer and fall of 1917, as Nieuport was determined to create the successor to its successful Nieuport 17, 24 and 25 fighting scouts, which were now showing their age in competition with the Albatros D.V and the new Fokker Triplane. The SPAD VII, which had been the main competition for the earlier Nieuports had a higher top speed and an ability to outdive the lightly-loaded rotary-powered sesquiplanes, and was set to be replaced in production by the SPAD XIII as the main fighting scout of the French Air Force.

One of four new prototypes that first flew in November 1916, the Nieuport 28 was powered by a 160 h.p. Gnome-Rhone Monosoupape 9N rotary, and was to be armed with two Vickers .30 caliber machine guns mounted on the forward fuselage and firing through the propeller. While the Ni.28-C1 more than met the specifications issued, it was outclassed by the SPAD XIII that flew a few weeks later, and was recommended as the sole fighter for the French Air Force for 1917. As it turned out, production schedules fell so far behind that the SPAD XIII.C-1 did not enter widespread service until early 1918.

Having been rejected by its own national air force, the career of the Nieuport 28 should have been finished, but the entry of the United States into the First World War in April 1917 changed everything. The aircraft industry of the United States was so far behind contemporary European developments that there were no domestic designs that could be produced for combat service, and the aircraft industry was busy deciding which foreign designs would be manufactured in America. The Nieuport factory was winding down production of the sesquiplanes, and had excess capacity. The Nieuport 28.C-1 which had been “good enough” as a design to have met the minimum requirements of the French Air Force was certainly “good enough” for the Americans.

Force Majeure stepped in to decide that the little Nieuport would become the first fighting scout of the new United States Army Air Service. By March, 1918, as American flying personnel finished their training in the United States and France, 297 Nieuport 28s were transferred to the U.S.A.S. and became the initial equipment of the 94^th and 95^th Aero Squadrons. Initially, the airplanes were delivered without armament, due to shortages of Vickers machine guns, and in fact most of the airplanes flown by the two American units only carried one machine gun until shortly before they were re-equipped with the SPAD XIII in the late summer of 1918; even then, many pilots retained only the single weapon, as the weight of two guns had a deleterious effect on performance.

The 94^th “Hat in the Ring” squadron (the insignia represented Uncle Sam’s hat “thrown into the ring” of combat) was commanded by Lafayette Flying Corps ace Major Raoul Lufbery, who managed to transmit what he had learned in two years of combat over the Western Front to such untried Americans as Douglas Campbell, Alan Winslow and Eddie Rickenbacker.

Rickenbacker, Campbell and Winslow accompanied Lufbery on the first combat air patrol over enemy lines on March 19^th, 1918. Several more patrols were flown by other members of the unit during the course of the rest of the month and early April, without major combat occurring. On April 14^th, Campbell and Winslow shot down two German observation airplanes, the first victories by Americans flying in the American Air Service of the First World War.

Eddie Rickenbacker, who was famous in America before the war as a race car driver, and had come to France as chauffeur for General “Black Jack” Pershing, commander of the American Expeditionary Forces, was older than his comrades when he managed to convince his boss the General to approve his transfer to the Air Service. He took his flight training under the French at Issoudun, as had both Campbell and Winslow and the other original members of the 94^th, who had all enlisted shortly after the U.S. entry into the war and been sent to France for training since the U.S.A.S. was still setting up its flight schools. Rickenbacker scored his first victory on April 29^th over an Albatros D.V, and his fifth on May 30^th, 1918, to be recognized as America’s second ace. He very nearly did not survive to make that fifth kill; in combat a week previous, he put his airplane in a dive to escape the enemy, and the fabric on the upper surface of the right wing came loose and tore off. (This was due to the structural failure of the upper wing itself. Ed) The Nieuport 28 had a nasty habit of doing this if a pilot dived too fast, and Rickenbacker was the only pilot to survive the event, managing to bring the airplane in to a “hot” landing at Tours field despite losing half of his upper wing, in a demonstration of flying skill that singled him out as being head and shoulders above the others in regard to ability. Shortly after his fifth victory, an ear infection sent him to the hospital for several months, and he did not return to operations until the latter part of September 1918, just in time to participate in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive, America’s contribution to victory over Germany in 1918. In six weeks of almost-daily combat, Rickenbacker scored an additional 21 official victories (he may have scored twice that number) while rising to lead the 94^th Aero Squadron. Such performance clearly demonstrated he was worthy to be considered alongside Mannock and McCudden, Guynemer and Nungesser, or Richtofen and Udet as one of the truly great combat pilots of the First World War.

THE KIT

The first 1/48 scale Nieuport 28 plastic model was released by Aurora in the fall of 1957 (I clearly recall convincing my mother to let me buy one while we were out shopping for back-to-school supplies). This kit - which was later re-released in the 1990s by Glencoe - provided a good approximation of the beautiful lines of the original, but left a lot to be desired. Blue Max came out with a limited-run kit of the airplane in about 1998, and this was the gold-standard for 1/48 Nieuport 28s for those lucky enough to have bought one of the 1,500 kits produced. This new kit by Roden effectively takes that title away from the Blue Max kit. It is not only the best Nieuport 28 kit available in 1/48 scale, but one of the very best World War I kits I have yet seen.

The kit is the essence of simplicity, with only two sprues of parts and only ten main parts, yet it provides an excellent cockpit interior, and has the thinnest wings and tail surfaces I have ever seen produced in a plastic World War I kit. These wings are so thin (and so right by so being) that they make the wings on the Blue Max kit - which were perfectly acceptable to this moment - look like they were for some internally-braced Fokker product. The surface detail on the wings and fuselage is superb, with just a hint of “hills and valleys” on the wing surfaces, and with the fabric on the rear fuselage stretched tight and flat the way it was on the original. The two Vickers machine guns are beautifully molded; Roden has a reputation of “getting it right” on the machine guns in their kits, and they have maintained the reputation here. The engine is also well-represented, as is the difficult-to-mold deep cowl.

Some other WW1 modelers have said they think the colors of the national insignia in the decals is suspect, but I will disagree. The colors are intense, and I think they are right. I would suggest that a modeler take one of the numeral decals they are not planning to use and test it in the water to see if it stays together when it comes off the backing sheet. Some Roden decals have been known to shatter - so if that happens with your test specimen, give the rest of the sheet a thin coat of Future and the decals should be useable. The kit also supplies two Liberty Bond posters as stickers; this has allowed them to very faithfully reproduce the artwork of the original full-size posters, and the final result should realistically reproduce the look of these thick posters that were doped on the wings of the airplanes. For more on this kit, please visit the preview.

CONSTRUCTION

Construction is the essence of simplicity, to the point where if you are considering your first World War I biplane project and have been put off by their alleged difficulty, then this is the kit for you.

Some of the more “serious” WW1 modelers I know say that the kit-supplied cockpit needs more detail. I guess I must not be very serious, since I operate on the theory that “if you can’t see it, I don’t care about it.” The cockpit opening is small enough that all you’re going to see is the seat and a bit of the side frame detail. Thus, to me, using the kit-supplied cockpit without worrying about super-detailing it will result in a good-looking model.

The kit instructions are easy to follow, and doing so will result in a model that is assembled to the point of being ready to paint in about an hour. By that, I mean the fuselage, lower wings and tail surfaces are assembled together. Depending on which airplane you’re going to do, you may or may not wish to attach the engine and the cowling at this point; since I was doing the Rickenbacker airplane with a white cowling, I left assembly of these parts until after the model was painted.

COLORS & MARKINGS

Painting:

I followed the painting diagrams shown on the kit instructions, and used Gunze-Sangyo paints. Since this pattern was “hard edged,” I masked off each color as I did it, using drafting tape very lightly pressed onto the surface of the model, so that the edges were not pressed down against the plastic; this keeps the next coat of paint from making a “ridge.”

When the model was painted, I gave it a coat of Future and prepared to do the decals.

Decals:

I had no problem with the kit decals, and I think this shows that Roden has gotten their decal production problem solved, since I have not had problems since the Sopwith Strutter was released. I let the decal soak until it just starts to lift from the backing, then slide it onto the model, using lots of water since they are pretty sticky. I then sponge it up with tissue paper and apply some Micro-Sol, once the decal is in its proper position.

The only problem I had was that the rings of the “Hat in the Ring” insignia are a bit too large to fit in their proper location. I cut off the upper and lower ends of the decal, and then moved them into position. Once done, this is not apparent to someone looking at the model.

When this was done, I washed off the model and gave it another coat of Future.

FINAL CONSTRUCTION

I attached the engine and cowling, then attached the main landing gear. I particularly like the way the axle is molded so that the individual parts are at the angle they would be while sitting on the ground, which results in the wheels canting in on the top.

I had to trim off about 1/32" of the cabane struts on the bottom, so they would fit the upper wing with its proper dihedral. The cabane and interplane struts were attached with cyanoacrylate glue, and then the upper wing was attached the same way. I had opened up the alignment holes on the upper wing a bit, to insure easy contact and a strong joint once the glue set up.

The Nieuport 28 has a very simple rigging compared to most biplanes, and I did this with .008 wire.

CONCLUSIONS

If you have been thinking of trying your hand at building a World War I model, here is the kit for you! The kit requires only simple rigging, which should not scare off a newcomer, while the production quality of the parts is excellent and the production design of the kit is as good as anything from Tamiya - you could call this kit of the Nieuport 28 the “Tamiya Mustang” of World War I models.

I know for a fact there will be more than one of these show up on my World War I shelves.

Tom Cleaver

July 2004

Thanks to Roden for the review copy.

KIT #	?
PRICE:	$19.98 MSRP
DECALS:	Five options
REVIEWER:	Tom Cleaver
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